Documentation
How Whalio's accumulation/distribution and whale trade metrics are calculated
Accumulation/Distribution Metrics
The Liquidity table displays key indicators of crypto-asset liquidity and activity, including price,
market capitalization, trading volume, buy-to-sell ratio, VWAP, and volume changes over the past 24 hours.
This comprehensive set of metrics is designed for quick and efficient assessment of a cryptocurrency
asset's current state — evaluating liquidity, trading activity, the balance between buyers and sellers,
and prevailing market sentiment, without requiring deep technical analysis or complex chart reading.
- Rank
- Asset's position in the overall ranking, typically sorted by market capitalization or trading volume. Lower numbers indicate larger, more established cryptocurrencies.
- Asset
- The cryptocurrency or token name along with its trading symbol (e.g., BTC for Bitcoin). This identifier is used across all exchanges.
- Price (USD)
- Current market price in US dollars. This is the real-time price at which the asset is being traded across major exchanges.
- Market Cap
- Market capitalization calculated as price × circulating supply. This metric shows the total value and scale of the asset in the market.
- Spot Volume
- Total spot trading volume over the selected period. Higher volumes typically indicate better liquidity and easier entry/exit positions.
- Volume Delta
- Buying minus selling inside the period, in quote currency: taker buy volume less the rest of the turnover. Positive means more of the period's volume was buyers lifting the offer. It is not a comparison with the previous period.
- Buy Ratio
- Percentage of buy orders relative to total trading volume. Values above 50% suggest bullish sentiment with buyers dominating the market.
- VWAP
- Volume Weighted Average Price. This benchmark represents the "fair" price based on actual trading volumes, used by traders to assess value.
- Trades
- Total number of individual transactions executed. Higher trade counts reflect active participation and strong market interest.
- Vol/MCap
- Ratio of trading volume to market capitalization. This percentage indicates trading intensity — higher values suggest the asset is being actively traded relative to its size.
- CVD 24h
- Cumulative Volume Delta over 24 hours, visualized as a chart. This indicator shows the net difference between buying and selling pressure, helping identify whether buyers or sellers are in control.
Impulse Metrics
Impulses are single trades of $10,000 or more. They come from a separate feed, not from
Whalio's spot candles, and they are futures trades: hour by hour their net buying tracks
Binance USDT-margined perpetual flow (correlation 0.52 across 19 coins) far more closely
than spot flow (0.22), and for BTC and ETH their hourly total often exceeds the whole spot
market's volume. The Impulses dashboard tracks them across different cryptocurrencies — helping identify market momentum, detect unusual trading activity, and
understand the balance between buying and selling pressure.
- Symbol
- The cryptocurrency trading symbol (e.g., BTC for Bitcoin, ETH for Ethereum). This standardized identifier is used across all major cryptocurrency exchanges worldwide.
- Price
- Current market price in US dollars with percentage change from the previous period. Green indicates price increase (bullish), while red shows price decrease (bearish).
- CNT (Count)
- Number of impulses (significant transactions) detected for this symbol during the selected time period. Higher counts indicate increased trading activity and market interest.
- Total Amount
- Total trading volume in USD for all impulses during the selected period. This metric reflects the total capital moved in impulse transactions.
- Dif. Amount
- Difference between buy and sell volumes. Positive values (green) indicate net buying pressure; negative values (red) show net selling pressure.
- Last Update
- Timestamp of the most recent impulse activity for this cryptocurrency, helping you track the freshness of market movements.
The Impulses page automatically refreshes every 30 seconds to provide the latest market data.
Futures and positioning
Most crypto volume trades on perpetual futures, not spot. For every tracked coin that
has a Binance USDT-margined perpetual (about 150), Whalio stores an hourly record from
Binance's public futures API and shows it on the coin page and the
market readout.
- Funding rate
- What holders of long perpetual positions pay holders of short ones at each settlement, usually every 8 hours. Shown per settlement and annualised (rate × settlements per day × 365), and ranked against the coin's last 90 settlements. Positive and high means the long side is crowded.
- Perpetual premium
- How far the perpetual trades above or below Binance's index price for the coin, at the close of the hour.
- Open interest
- The dollar value of all open perpetual positions, and its change over 24 hours. Rising means new positions are being opened on balance; falling means they are being closed.
- Who is long
- Binance's long/short ratios, shown as the share that is long: for its top traders by position size, and for all accounts by number of accounts.
- Futures net flow
- The same volume-delta measure as on spot, computed from the perpetual's own hourly candles, over 24 hours as a share of turnover.
Binance publishes open interest and the long/short ratios for the last 30 days only.
Whalio has kept them since 12 October 2026, so their history starts then.
Expected move range
The one thing in this data that tested as predictive is the size of the next move,
not its direction (the study).
Each coin's range for the next 4 and 24 hours comes from a HAR model of realised
volatility: the log of the coming period's volatility regressed on the log of the
coin's realised volatility over the last day, week and month, the last day's volume
against its 30-day average, and the time of day. Realised volatility is the square
root of the summed squared hourly log returns of Binance spot closes.
The model was fitted on 20 large coins from 26 November 2025 to 4 May 2026 and judged
on 4 May to 11 October 2026. The ranges are empirical: the 80% range is the band that
80% of returns fell inside, relative to the forecast, in the fitting period. On the
unseen period it held 81.1% of the time at 24 hours and 80.1% at 4 hours; the 95%
range held 95.0% and 95.6%.
Every forecast is stored as it is published, and once a day the ranges are re-scored
on every tracked coin over the last 90 days and against their own published record.
Both results are shown on the market readout. A range describes the closing price at
the end of the window; the furthest swing along the way, shown on each coin page, is
calibrated separately.
What these numbers do not tell you
The limits matter as much as the definitions, so they are stated here rather
than left to be discovered.
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One exchange.
Buy ratio, volume delta, CVD and the expected-move ranges come from Binance
spot; the futures readings and the Huge Trades feed are Binance USDT-margined
perpetuals. Options, other venues and anything traded away from an order book
are not in it. A coin can be
bought heavily elsewhere and look flat here.
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Taker side, not intent.
Buy ratio counts which side crossed the spread, which is not the same as
who wanted the position. A patient buyer resting bids shows up on the
sell side of this measure.
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Gaps happen.
Candles occasionally arrive late or not at all, and a small number carry
no taker split — about 1.8% of the daily rows. Those are excluded from
percentile ranking: a candle with no split reads as zero buying and would
drag every rank above it.
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Nine months of history.
Percentiles compare against roughly nine months of hourly data, not
against years. A reading called unusual is unusual for that window.
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Co-occurrence, not cause.
The news pages and maps put stories next to what the flow did afterwards.
Markets move for many reasons at once, and nothing here isolates one
story's effect from everything else happening in the same hour.
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Description, not prediction.
We tested whether these readings forecast the next 1, 4 or 24 hours on 20 coins over
eleven months. None did by enough to pay for the trade:
the full test and its numbers.
Corrections
If a figure looks wrong, or a summary misstates a story, tell us: it gets
fixed at the source and the affected pages recomputed.
How to reach us.